Device for processing and homogenizing a mass of loose or slightly cohesive material, and the operat

专利摘要:
The invention is directed to a device for processing and mixing together and thus homogenizing a mass of loose or slightly cohesive material and comprises at least one trench silo provided with an inlet opening which is divided into compartments in the longitudinal direction. The top layer is scraped off a stack of material present in a compartment by means of a scraper and deposited in the next compartment. This scraping operation is repeated until the previous compartment is completely empty. After a compartment has thus been completely filled, the material contained therein is given the opportunity to be processed. A completely emptied compartment is again filled with material from a previous compartment. The material present in the end compartment is, after being processed, discharged by a discharge conveyor belt. The invention also focuses on the operation of such a device.
公开号:NL2025192A
申请号:NL2025192
申请日:2020-03-23
公开日:2020-10-08
发明作者:Andreas Maria Martens Jozef
申请人:Macondo B V；
IPC主号:

专利说明:

The invention relates to a device for processing, for example allowing it to rest for a certain time or otherwise conditioning it, and mixing it together and thus homogenizing a mass of loose or less cohesive material, for example composting biological material such as VGF (Vegetable, Fruit and Garden waste), ONF (Organic Wet Fraction of household waste) or shredded green waste. For many processes it is important that conditioning, mixing and thus homogenizing takes place with a high degree of control. The use of a silo is known, in which a transport vehicle, in particular a shovel, can drive in and out. The shovel loads the silo from a stock by pouring the material to be processed into it. For the mixing and thus more or less homogenization of the material, the shovel takes up a portion successively from the stack and then throws it back again. As a result, a certain degree of mixing and homogenization of the material of the stack takes place.
Furthermore, there are automatically operating devices for processing a mass of loose or slightly cohesive material. Examples are: - so-called turners, systems that go over a pile of material and turn it around. Such systems are used both for outdoor composting, i.e. outdoor processing without covering, and for so-called tunnel composting, in particular in a hall, - systems in which use is made of a large scoop wheel, for example with a diameter of 5 m, as is also the case used in brown coal mining. Such scoop wheels each time scoop the material to be composted forward over a certain distance, and - systems that work in batches in a closed space. With these and similar systems, filling and emptying takes place with, for example, a shovel, but an automatically operating system is also eligible. Such an automatic system has, for example, a scoop wheel that deposits the material on a discharge belt. The material is transported to the next enclosed space via a system of conveyors. These known techniques have several drawbacks. To begin with, they are labor-intensive and require a lot of energy and maintenance. The shovel operator takes a long time to perform the mixing and homogenizing operations. The heavy shovel motor also consumes a substantial amount of fuel, and the use of the shovel is accompanied by a substantial emission of CO 2, NO, soot and particulate matter, which is environmentally undesirable. Furthermore, it cannot be prevented that substantial dust formation occurs when the loose material is lifted and dumped again in certain types of material. A further disadvantage is that mixing is not very accurate and effective and is partly dependent on the skill of the driver.
More automated systems use a shovel or stirring system that digs through the material, resulting in a lot of wear and tear and high energy consumption. Furthermore, an extensive network of transport systems is often necessary to transport the material from one trench silo to the next trench silo.
On account of the above-described drawbacks of the known methods, it is desirable to provide a device which is not affected, or at least substantially less so.
In view of the above, the invention provides a device for processing, for example allowing to rest for a certain time or otherwise conditioning, and mixing and thus homogenizing a mass of loose or poorly cohesive material, for example composting biological material. such as VGF (Vegetable, Fruit and Garden waste), ONF (Organic Wet Fraction of household waste) or shredded green waste, which device comprises: (a) at least one trench silo with an inlet, for example an inlet opening that is freely accessible from the outside for the inlet of raw, raw material, two mutually parallel side walls, an end wall extending transversely to the side walls, and a number of separations present at selected, for example equal, mutual distances distributed over the length of the trench silo between the inlet opening and the end wall between the side walls, which is the space delimited by the inlet opening, the side walls and the end wall dividing it into a number of compartments, namely an input compartment or first compartment, a number of intermediate compartments, for example a second compartment and a third compartment, and an end compartment or fourth compartment, in at least which intermediate compartments and in which end compartment the material is processed, mixed together and homogenized; (b) discharge means connecting to the end wall, for example a conveyor belt, a chain conveyor or a screw conveyor, for discharging processed and mixed material; (c) displacement means for moving material in steps in the direction of displacement from the first compartment via all intermediate compartments and via the separations to the end compartment, and finally depositing the processed and mixed material from the end compartment over the end wall each time successively onto the discharge means , mixing and homogenization occurring as a result of displacement of the material; (d) a scraper extending transversely to the side walls of the trench silo and fitting between them with some space, which scraper is pivotably supported up and down about a pivot axis defined by at least two hinges by means of at least two spaced supporting arms. trolley forming part of the displacing means, which carries the hinges and is provided with a lifting motor which, together with the hinges, forms pivot means for pivotably supporting the supporting arms, which trolley is displaceable along fixed horizontal guide rails by means of drive means comprising a displacement motor. , such that the scraper can each time successively scrape the current top layer with a thickness associated with the vertical dimension of the scraper of a stack of material present in a compartment in the direction of displacement and move it to the next compartment or the discharge means;
which pivot axis is located downstream of the scraper in the direction of displacement, such that the scraping of the current top layer is carried out by pulling; which scraper can pivot partly under the influence of gravity and partly under the influence of active pivoting means, wherein the pivoting for scraping in the direction of displacement can take place at least partly under the influence of gravity, such that the scraper has the shape of the free surface of the the stack of material more or less follows automatically; and (e) the operation of the device determining control means which control the displacement means and the pivot means for performing the following steps to be performed in suitable order: (et) the raw material deposited in the first or input compartment or processed therein by the each time successively scraping off a top layer thereof, moving it via the first separation to the next or second compartment (14) and depositing said material therein in a selected pattern;
(e2) processing said material in said second compartment by allowing it to rest therein for a selected time and optionally treating it with a liquid and / or a gas;
(e3) scraping off this material deposited in said second compartment in the same manner layer by layer and moving it via the second separation to the next or third compartment, such that the second compartment is emptied;
(e4) re-depositing raw material from the first compartment into the second compartment, and so on; (e5) each time successively filling a compartment thus emptied with the material from the previous compartment during continued operation of the device;
(e6) each time successively depositing a mass of material! in the end compartment and after a working period, for instance a rest period, moving said mass of material over the end wall to the discharge means;
(e7) in each case successively, in particular after emptying a compartment, in opposite direction to the direction of displacement to a selected position, in particular the input area of a previous compartment, returning the scraper, which is returned by means of the displacement means takes place in a raised position of the scraper under the influence of the action of the active pivoting means, such that the scraper can be returned unobstructed to the selected position. The control means may comprise a processor with software.
The scraper each time successively scrapes the current top layer of a stack of material present in a compartment and moves it in a sliding and pushing manner to the next compartment or the discharge means, respectively. This is an operation that requires relatively little energy, while the dust production remains very limited.
The control according to the invention can be defined as a sequence of cycles. A cycle consists of two periods. The first period is the process time in which the material resides in the compartments; the second period is the transition time in which the material is moved from one compartment to the next compartment using the scraper or moved from the end compartment to the discharge means, respectively, in order to be discharged thereby.
Allowing a material to rest in a compartment for a selected time is important, for example, for the composting of biological material, such as ONF. For other materials, the rest period may, for example, be important in connection with aeration before drying the material.
The separations can consist of areas in which there is little or no material. In case of complete absence of material in a separation, the separation between successive compartments is good, which benefits the manageability of the processing processes. In the event of some overlap, at least some contamination will occur between successive stacks in adjacent compartments, which means that the processes can be less well controlled. For the best possible separation between adjacent compartments, it is preferred according to the invention that the separations are formed by partition walls. This ensures good separation. If necessary, air currents between the compartments moving above the partition walls could also cause minor contamination and thus influence mutual influence. In order to rule out such contamination as much as possible, a partition or a curtain could be lowered above the relevant or each partition wall during the periods of time in which the masses of material in the compartments are at rest. In this embodiment it is important that the bottom edge of a curtain at least substantially adjoins the top edge of the relevant partition wall or the end wall.
The separations, for example the partition walls, serve to realize the most complete separation between the compartments. This is particularly important in connection with the conditioning to be carried out, for example, the separation of air flows that may differ per compartment with regard to their flow rate, temperature, moisture content, and the like, and to avoid cross-contamination. of material in the different compartments.
From the European patent EP-B-0 882 390 a dosing device for potting soil is known in which use is made of a scraper which can move in the longitudinal direction transversely of a scraper by means of a displacement carriage. In this publication there is no mention of a processing device. The dosing device according to the said European patent relates exclusively to the dumping of bulk goods in a silo and the dosed displacement thereof to a receptacle for further treatment and transport. The operation of this device therefore differs substantially from the operation of the device according to the invention. This is because it focuses on specific methodical steps that are determined by the control means, which, on the basis of suitable software to be modified by the installer or the user, can ensure that the methodical steps are carried out, such that the device is suitable for processing for a selected time and mixing and thus homogenizing a mass of loose or little cohesive material.
The material to be treated with the device according to the invention is generally bulk material, for example biomass, wood chips, lignite, potting soil, grain, fertilizer, fiber material, sawdust, tree bark, cocoa beans, coffee beans, sludge, residues from paper production, recycled plastics, RDF ( Refuse Derived Fuel) / SRF (Solid Recovered Fuel), manure, rubber granulate, by-products for fermentation, or biological raw materials for composting. Examples of composting include organic waste, ONF and / or shredded green waste.
For composting, a total turnaround time of the order of a few weeks must be expected.
Filling the first compartment can take place by using, for example, a shovel, but can also take place directly from a truck. In that case, the truck is driven backwards into the first compartment. The filling of the first compartment can alternatively also take place from a roughing line using a conveyor system, for instance on the basis of one or more belt or chain conveyors, optionally in combination with or alternatively one or more cyclones or the like. In that case, for instance, the pouring of material into the first compartment can take place from above, the front of the compartment being preferably closed by an outer wall, a door or a bulkhead. Such an automatic filling can take place from a pre-processing line. The material supplied from the outside can be shredded therein by using a shredder. Furthermore, iron-containing parts can, for example, be removed by magnetic means. Furthermore, use can be made of a pre-screening operation, in which large parts are removed, for example of more than 400 mm. The material can also be separated by means of an air flow separator into heavy parts to be removed, such as stones, and the cleaned-up fraction of the material, which is fed to the device for further processing.
The material can be processed in any compartment, including the first or input compartment. It is also possible to choose to use that first compartment exclusively for the supply of material, for instance during the week, and only then to move it to the second compartment. This cannot take place for VGF and ONF, because the conditioning already starts in the first compartment and an amount of excessively large material from the processed material must be inoculated.
According to an aspect of the invention, the device according to the invention is designed such that the input compartment is freely accessible to transport vehicles which can dump material to be processed therein. In the first or input compartment, the material can already undergo a first processing, for example conditioning. In that case, the material deposited therein is given the opportunity to be processed for a certain period of time.
Preferably, the first compartment is filled as quickly as possible and as completely as possible in the case of conditioning with air. Otherwise there is a risk of preferential currents of air being created, especially in zones where there is no mass. The air will preferably pass through those zones because it encounters the least resistance there. This first compartment is therefore not always freely accessible, but will in this case be closed after filling.
In order to obtain as complete a separation as possible between the operations in the various compartments, use could be made of the curtains which, at the beginning of a rest period or conditioning period, can be lowered above the respective partition walls and the end wall, i.e. after the mass of a previous sub-fund has been transferred to the relevant sub-fund.
It should be understood that the compartments need not all have the same volume. Thus, it can be noted that during conditioning, for example composting and drying, the volume of the material present in a compartment can decrease significantly, up to 30-40%. The height of the stack of material in a compartment thus decreases, or its dimension in the direction of displacement can be made smaller by making the distance between the respective partition walls, respectively the last partition wall and the end wall, smaller, whereby the height of the stack is less or more remains the same. The finished finished material may contain oversized material, which is defined as one size above the selected screen size. With composting, for example, this is above 10 mm, namely for consumer compost, or more than 18 mm for horticultural compost. Often the intermediate size, for example 10 - 40 mm and the oversized material, for example 40 - 80 mm, are then returned to the start of the process, i.e. the first compartment and mixed therein with newly supplied raw material to start the composting process. . This is possible because the relevant returned material! is richly supplied with the good bacteria and acts as a structural material, which improves the air permeability of the stack. The scraper moves the top layer from one compartment to a next compartment or the discharge means, respectively. It is also conceivable that the scraper is attached to a tilting mechanism and that the scraper also functions as a shovel. This scoop is filled with material that is moved by the pulling movement in the direction of movement of the scraper to the next compartment. To prevent undesirable environmental influences, such as extreme temperatures and precipitation, and also to prevent dust emission from the device, the device can be designed such that it is placed under a covering, for instance in a hall or shed, which hall possibly substantially gas tight. This last-mentioned measure achieves that the process conditions, including the temperature, the humidity and the concentrations of gases produced during the operations, and the balance between the supply of gas, in particular air, and the removal of gases, are controlled. .
According to a specific aspect of the invention, the device can further have the special feature that a slope is placed on the front side of each partition and of the end wall to reduce dust formation during scraping and to ensure substantially complete emptying.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, the device can have the special feature that a slope is placed at the rear of each partition wall to ensure substantially complete emptying.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, the device can have the special feature that the bottom of each compartment has perforations for the passage of liquids and gases, for instance for discharging water and for blowing in any humidified air or for exhausting gases.
According to an important aspect of the invention, the device may have the special feature that the scraper comprises a generally concave cross-section with a straight bottom part and a generally concave top part adjoining it at an angle of the order of 90 ° - 140 °. The straight bottom part extends approximately parallel to the floor in the situation where that part is located in the area of the bottom of the silo. According to yet another aspect of the invention, the device is characterized in that the front edge of the lower part has a shape adapted to the materials to be treated, for instance has a certain length in the scraping direction, and / or is straight or has sharp or blunt teeth. provided. The straight bottom part of the scraper extends approximately parallel to the floor in the case where the scraper is in its bottom position and the straight part is in the region of the bottom of the compartment concerned. By giving this straight lower part a greater length in the direction of movement, the scraper can move a larger volume of material in one working pass in the manner of a shovel. A practical aspect of the invention may reside in that freely rotatable rollers are provided on the side edges of the scraper to prevent abrasive and abrasive contact of those side edges with the side walls during scraping. In the case of profiled walls, wear-resistant plastic strips can also be used.
Analogous to the aspect discussed above, the device may be configured such that abrasion resistant plastic slide strips are provided on the side edges of the or each ramp for sliding contact between the front edge of the scraper and the slide strips to prevent frictional contact between the front edge of the blade. scraper and the surface of the ramp.
Such sliding strips can also be placed on the top edge of each wall.
Yet another aspect of the invention may reside in that pushing means are added to the first compartment for displacing material deposited in that compartment in the direction of displacement.
The advantage of being vertical! extending pushing plate or other pushing means may be that the scraper, when emptying the first or input compartment layer by layer, does not have to move successively over the entire length in the direction of displacement, but only over a limited distance.
In order to prevent the scraper from being subjected to undesired frictional contact with the bottom of the compartments, the device may comprise spacer means for keeping the scraper at a selected distance, for instance a few millimeters, from the bottom of the compartments.
Use could be made of a number of idle rollers or sliding strips provided on the scraper.
However, preference is given to a device in which the spacer means form part of the active pivot means.
In that case, use can be made of such a control of the active pivot means that the active pivot means become active on the basis of an approximation signal originating from, for example, a mechanical, an optical or an ultrasonic sensor when a certain minimum distance is reached. to maintain at least the chosen minimum distance.
In particular, the highest and the lowest position of the pivot arms, and thus that of the scraper, can be determined by a switch or the sensor described on the basis of the angular position of the arms.
In a practical embodiment, the device has the special feature that the control unit is adapted to control the displacing means and the active pivoting means such that the scraper can be temporarily placed in a parking position beyond the discharge means in its raised position when inoperative. a cleaning operation, for instance spraying clean with water under high pressure and / or treating with a disinfectant.
In order to prevent damage to the bottom of the compartments and the scraper, the device can have the special feature that a covering layer, for instance of plastic such as PE, HDPE, PVC or the like, is present on the bottom of the compartments, to prevent the corrosion and / or wear of the soil.
Of great importance is an embodiment of the device according to the invention in which the carriage carries a lifting motor which, when energized with force, can wind up at least one flexible pulling element, for instance a steel cable or a strong tensile lifting strap, which pulling element or each of which pulling elements is coupled. with the support arms, in such a way that when the lifting motor is energized the pulling member makes the support arms pivot upwards and lifts the scraper to the raised position, and after lifting, or at least reducing, of the excitation of the lifting motor the scraper under the influence of gravity is reduced with the possibly remaining lifting force with reduced excitation of the lifting motor falls from its raised position and the current top layer can scrape off a stack of material and the surface of that stack automatically follows during movement of the scraper in the direction of displacement. If desired, additional weight can be added to the pivot arms to obtain a desired effective downwardly directed weight force from the scraper.
In a specific embodiment, the device according to the invention is characterized in that the control means are designed for stacking in a compartment layer by layer of material scraped from the previous compartment, such that a layered loading pattern is created.
In another embodiment, the device is characterized in that the control means are designed for first depositing material scraped from the previous compartment in the input zone of a compartment, then subsequently depositing material scraped from the previous compartment on the sub-stack thus formed, and so on, until the preceding compartment is completely emptied, such that a spatial sequential loading pattern is created. According to yet another aspect of the invention, the device can have the special feature that the displacing means comprise: - the carriage; - the guide rails displaceably supporting the carriage in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the direction of transport; and - the displacement motor, which, when energized, moves the carriage in the longitudinal direction.
In order to prevent undesired contact between the top edge of the respective partition wall and the supporting arms, the device can advantageously have the special feature that a ramp has a longitudinal section with a convex shape, or comprises at least two straight parts that together define a discrete generally convex shape.
The invention furthermore relates to the operation of an apparatus for processing, for example allowing it to rest for a certain time or conditioning in some other way, and the mixing and thus homogenization of a mass of loose or little cohesive material, for example the composting of biological material. such as VGF (Vegetable, Fruit and Garden waste), ONF (Organic Wet Fraction of household waste) or shredded green waste, which device comprises (a) at least one trench silo with an input, for example an input opening freely accessible from the outside for the introduction of raw, raw material, two mutually parallel side walls, one end wall extending transversely to the side walls, and a number of separations present at selected, for example equal, mutual distances distributed over the length of the trench silo between the inlet opening and the end wall between the side walls, which the space delimited by the inlet opening, the side walls and the end wall divider and in a number of compartments, namely an input compartment or first compartment, a number of intermediate compartments, for instance a second compartment and a third compartment, and an end compartment or fourth compartment, in at least which intermediate compartments and in which end compartment the material is processed, mixed together and homogenized; (b) discharge means connecting to the end wall, for example a conveyor belt, for discharging processed and mixed material;
(Cc) displacement means for moving material from the first compartment via all intermediate compartments and via the separations to the end compartment in steps in the direction of displacement, and finally depositing processed and mixed material from the end compartment over the end wall successively each time on the discharge means , mixing and homogenization occurring as a result of displacement of the material;
(d) a scraper extending transversely to the side walls of the trench silo and fitting between them with some space, which scraper is pivotably supported up and down about a pivot axis defined by at least two hinges by means of at least two spaced supporting arms. of the means of movement dee! dividing carriage, which carries the hinges and is provided with a lifting motor which together with the hinges forms pivot means for pivotably supporting the supporting arms,
which carriage can be moved along fixedly disposed horizontal guide rails by means of drive means comprising a displacement motor, such that the scraper is each time successively disposed of the current top layer with a thickness associated with the vertical dimension of the scraper of a stack of material present in a compartment in the compartment. can scrape off movement direction and move to the next compartment or the discharge means, respectively;
which pivot axis is located downstream of the scraper in the direction of displacement, such that the scraping of the current top layer is carried out by pulling;
which scraper can pivot partly under the influence of gravity and partly under the influence of active pivoting means, wherein the pivoting for scraping in the direction of displacement can take place at least partly under the influence of gravity, such that the scraper takes the shape of the free surface of the the stack of material more or less follows automatically; and (e) the operation of the device determining control means, which control the displacement means and the pivot means, to perform the following steps to be performed in suitable order:
(e1) moving the raw material deposited in the first or input compartment or processed therein by each time successively scraping off a top layer thereof via the first separation to the next or second compartment and depositing that material therein in a selected pattern;
(e2) processing said material in said second compartment by allowing it to rest therein for a selected time and optionally treating it with a liquid and / or a gas;
(e3) scraping off this material deposited in said second compartment in the same manner layer by layer and moving it via the second separation to the next or third compartment, such that the second compartment is emptied; (e4) re-depositing raw material from the first compartment into the second compartment, and so on;
(e5) each time successively filling a thus emptied compartment with the material during continued operation of the device! from the previous compartment;
(e6) successively depositing a mass of material in the end compartment and after a processing period,
for instance a rest period, displacing said mass of material over the end wall to the discharge means;
(e7) each time successively, in particular after emptying a compartment, in opposite direction to the direction of displacement to a selected position, in particular the input zone of a previous compartment, returning the scraper, which is returned by means of the displacement means takes place in a raised position of the scraper under the influence of the action of the active pivoting means, such that the scraper can be returned unimpeded to the selected position. In a specific embodiment, the operation according to the foregoing specification is such that the control unit controls the displacement means and the active pivot means such that in its raised position, out of operation, the scraper temporarily places in a parking position past the discharge means for undergoing a cleaning operation. for example spraying with water under high pressure and / or treating with a disinfectant.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, the operation of the device is such that the control means control the displacement means and the active pivot means such that the scraper piles up material scraped from the preceding compartment in a compartment, such that a layered loading pattern is created.
According to a last aspect of the invention, the operation of the device is such that the control means control the displacement means and the active pivot means such that the scraper deposits material scraped from the previous compartment first in the input zone of a compartment, then from the previous compartment. scraped material! is subsequently deposited on the sub-stack thus formed, and so subsequently, until the preceding compartment is completely emptied, such that a spatial sequential loading pattern is created.
The invention will now be elucidated with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings: figure 1 shows a perspective view, partly in view, of a five elongated trench silos comprising device placed under a canopy in an exemplary embodiment of the invention; figure 2 shows a schematic top view of the device according to figure 1, in which the material flows are schematically indicated;
figure 3 shows a schematic longitudinal section through a completely filled trench silo, in which the material flows are schematically indicated; figure 4 shows a longitudinal section through a trench silo, in which the layered stack structure used in this embodiment is schematically drawn;
figure 5 shows a longitudinal section corresponding with figure 4, in which a stacking structure layered in the second compartment and a spatially sequential stacking in the third and fourth compartments is schematically drawn; figure 6 shows a perspective partial view of the displacing means and the scraping means; figure 7 shows a cross-section of an alternative of the steel rails according to figure 6; figure 8 shows the longitudinal section VIII - VII of figure 6, in which the active scraping position of the scraper is shown in full lines and the raised rest position is indicated in broken lines; Figures 9A, 9B, 9C, 9D schematically show parts of four different types of scraper edges; figure 10 shows a side view of the drive part of the device according to figure 6; figure 10A shows the detail X of figure 10 on a larger scale; figure 11 is a perspective view of the scraper in the situation in which it moves over a slope of a partition; figure 12 shows a schematic longitudinal section of an alternative slope of a partition wall, which has a kinked shape to prevent contact of the pivot arms with the top edge of the partition wall; figure 13 is a perspective view of part of a perforated bottom of a compartment; figure 14 shows a longitudinal section corresponding with figures 3, 4, 5 through a trench silo which is not provided with partition walls in this exemplary embodiment.
Figures 1, 2, 3 and 6 show a device 1 for processing, for example conditioning, and intermixing and thus homogenizing a mass 2 of loose or slightly cohesive material 3 for a specific time,
for example composting biological material such as VGF, OMF and / or shredded green waste.
The device 1 comprises in this embodiment:
(a) five individually operating trench silos 4, all of which are controlled by a central control unit, and adjacent to each other, each with a width of 6 m and each with a freely accessible infeed opening 5 extending in a vertical plane for the feeding in raw, raw material, two mutually parallel side walls 6; 7,
an end wall 8 extending transversely to the side walls, and three equally spaced apart along the length of the trench silo 4 between the inlet opening 5 and the end wall 8 transversely to the side walls 6; 7 extending partitions 9a; 9b; 9c, which divide the space delimited by the input opening 5, the side walls 6; 7 and the end wall 8 into a number of compartments, namely an input compartment or first compartment 10, a number of intermediate compartments, namely a second compartment 14 and a third compartment 15, and an end compartment or fourth compartment 16, in which intermediate compartments 14, 15 and in which end compartment 16 the material 3 is processed, mixed together and thus homogenized;
(b) a conveyor belt 17 connecting to the end wall 8 for discharging processed and mixed material 18;
(c) displacement means 44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21 for stepping in the direction of displacement 20 out of the first compartment 10 via the intermediate compartments 14; 15 over the partition walls 9a; 9b Moving material 3 to the end compartment 16, and finally depositing processed and mixed material 18 successively from the end compartment 16 over the end wall 8 each time on the discharge means 17;
(d) one transverse to the side walls 6; 7 extending from the trench silo 4 and fitting between them with some space between the scraper 21, which scraper 21, which is defined by three hinges 43, by means of three spaced-apart supporting arms 11; 12; 13 can be pivoted up and down by one of the displacement means
44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21 integral carriage 25, which carries the hinges 43 and is provided with a lifting motor 26 which together with the hinges 43 forms pivotal means for pivotal bearing of the carrying arms 11:12:13, which carriage 25 is displaceable by means of a displacement motor 36 along fixed horizontal guide rails 44:45, such that the scraper 21 in each case successively has the current top layer 30 with a vertical dimension of the scraper coherent thickness of a stack 31 in a compartment 10; 14; 15; 16 can scrape off material 3 present in the direction of movement 20 and move it to the next compartment 14; 15; 16, respectively the discharge means 17; which pivot axis 22 is located in the direction of displacement 20 downstream of the scraper 21, such that the scraping of the actual top layer 30 takes place by pulling; which scraper 21 can pivot partly under the influence of gravity and partly under the influence of active pivoting means 26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13, the pivoting for scraping in the direction of movement being possible under the influence of gravity take place such that the scraper 21 more or less automatically follows the shape of the free surface 35 of the stack 31 of material 3; and (e) control means for controlling the displacement means 44: 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21 and the pivoting means according to the following steps to be performed in suitable order: (e1) the raw material 3 deposited in the first or input compartment 10 or processed therein by each time successively scraping a top layer 33 thereof over the first partition 9a; 9b; 9c to the next or second compartment 14 and moving it therein in a selected pattern 38 39 depositing that material 3, referring to Figures 4 and 5 to illustrate two examples of different possible loading patterns; (e2) processing said material 3 in said second compartment (14) by allowing it to rest therein for a selected time; (e3) scraping off this material 3 deposited in said second compartment 14 in the same manner layer by layer and moving it to the next or third compartment 15, such that the second compartment 14 is emptied; (e4) re-depositing raw material 3 from the first compartment 10 into the second compartment 14, and so on; (e5) during continuous operation of the device 1, each time successively filling a thus emptied compartment 14:15; 16 with the material 3 from the preceding compartment 13:14:15; (eb) each time successively depositing a mass 2 of material 3 in the end compartment 16 and moving said mass 2 of material 3 to the discharge means according to an arrow 111 shown in figure 6 over the end wall 8 after a processing period, for example a rest period. 17; (e7) each time successively, in particular after emptying a compartment 14; 15; 16, in the opposite direction to the direction of displacement to a selected position, in particular the input region 78 of a preceding compartment 10; 14; 15 return of the scraper 21, which return by means of the displacing means 44: 45: 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21 takes place in a raised state 71 of the scraper 21 under the action of the action of the active pivoting means 26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13, such that the scraper 21 can be returned unimpeded to the selected position.
Alternatively, the open top of the first compartment can serve as a horizontally extending insertion opening instead of the vertically extending insertion opening 5.
The separation between the compartments can be improved by temporarily lowering a curtain during rest periods above the respective partition walls and the end wall.
Processed and intermixed material 18 is dispensed and transported further by the discharge conveyor 17 or, in another embodiment, for example, a discharge transport vehicle.
A temporary surplus of processed and mixed material 18 is returned according to an arrow 107 to the area of the inlet openings 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d; 5e, for example by means of a transport vehicle 40, via an inlet opening 5a; 5b; 5c; 5d. 5th to be dumped back into a trench silo 4a; 4b; 4c; 4d; 4th.
As figure 1 shows, the first or input compartment 10 of, for instance, the trench silo 4b is freely accessible to transport vehicles 40, which can dump material 3 to be processed therein.
Figure 1 further shows that the device 1 is arranged under a covering 82.
The roof 82 can be added to the device 1 itself, but as an alternative, the device 1 can also be arranged, for example, in a shed.
The covering 82 can be important for limiting the emission of undesirable substances and gases to the environment, but can also be equipped with ventilation means for, for example, the removal of water vapor that is released from a stack of material during the resting periods, while the operating conditions of the device 1 are little or not affected by external circumstances, in particular the weather.
Figures 3, 4 and 5 show that in this preferred embodiment a slope 41 is placed at the front of each partition wall 9a, 9b, 9c and of the end wall 8 to prevent dust formation during scraping and to ensure the most complete emptying. of each compartment 10; 14; 15: 16. Figures 3, 4 and 5 also show that a slope 42 is placed at the rear of each partition 9a, 9b, 9c to ensure the most complete emptying of each compartment.
It will be appreciated that the ramps 41, 42 have the effect of avoiding blind spots which could adversely affect the ability of the scraper 21 to scrape out a compartment completely.
Above the partition walls 9a; 9b; 9 ¢ and the end wall 8 are respective partition curtains 112a; 112b; 112 ¢; 112d, which during movements of the carriage 25 to be described below and therewith the scraper 21 are in a raised position, in which the carriage 25 can pass a relevant curtain 1121; 112b; 112c; 112d, and which can be brought into the lowered position shown in figure 3 during standstill of the carriage 25, in which they at least substantially connect to the top edges of the partition walls 9a; 9b 9c and the end wall 8. In Figure 3, double arrows 113 at the said curtains indicate that these curtains can move up and down. To this end, the curtains are of flexible design, for example designed as a flexible plastic sheet or as a slatted curtain. By means of respective drives 114a; 114b; 114c; 114d, the curtains 112a; 112b; 112c; 112d can move up and down, in this embodiment being diverted around respective diverting rollers 1153; 115b; 115c; 115d.
It will be clear from figure 3 that due to the lowered operating position of the curtains 112a; 112b; 112c; 112d shown in this figure, little or no mutual contamination can take place between the compartments 10; 14; 15; 16 via the ambient air. The curtain 112d above the end wall 8 serves to limit the emission of, for example, unpleasant smelling gases as much as possible to the compartment 16. Figure 6 shows in more detail the structure of the carriage 25 movable along the guide rails 44; 45. Figure 6 also shows the lowest effective scraping position, which is indicated in Figure 8 by reference numeral 70. The arrow 111 corresponds to the last scraping movement of the scraper 21. Figure 6 shows the shape of the scraper 21. It consists of sheet metal and has a general scoop shape.
Figure 8 shows how the scraper 122 has been bent from a flat metal plate by a number of bending operations into the scoop shape clearly shown in figure 8 and figure 10, among others. This shape can also be qualified as generally prismatic, in the sense that the scraper has the same cross-sectional shape at every longitudinal position.
Figure 13 shows that the bottom 48 of each compartment 14; 15; 16 has a regular pattern of perforations 50 for the passage of liquids and gases, for example for the discharge of water and for the passage of air 51.
In particular, FIGS. 8 and 10 clearly show that in this embodiment the scraper 21 has a generally concave cross-section with a straight bottom portion 79 and a generally concave top portion adjoining it at an angle of the order of 100 ° - 130 °. 52 includes. The lower straight portion 79; 53; 55; 56 of scraper 21 extends approximately horizontally in its lower position, in which it is located in the region of the bottom 67. Figures 9A, 9B, 9C and 9D show that the leading edge of the lower part 79 of the scraper 21 can have a shape adapted to the materials to be treated. For example, Figures 9A and 9B show a portion 53 of relatively short length and a portion 54 of greater length, respectively, while Figures 9C and 9D show variants with teeth, namely, a portion 55 with sharp teeth and a portion 56 with blunt teeth, respectively. teeth. The displacement capacity of the scraper 21 is determined by its shape, including the length of the straight part 79. The plate-shaped straight parts 53; 54; 55; 56 are preferably made of wear-resistant steel and each has a row of through holes 108 for the receiving coupling bolts 109, which in the manner shown in figure 8, with associated nuts, couple the relevant part 53; 54; 55; 56 to the remaining straight lower part 110 of the scraper 21. Figure 11 shows that at the side edges 59; 60 of the scraper 21, freely rotatable rollers 61, 62 are provided to prevent abrasive and abrasive contact of said side edges 59; 60 with the side walls 6; 7 during the scraping. It must be understood that the rolling direction of the freely rotatable rollers does not correspond under all circumstances to the direction of movement of the rollers over the side walls 6; 7. Strictly speaking, this would entail that the rollers should be arranged to be freely pivotable. However, the forces at stake are small and only minor displacement corrections are involved. In practice, therefore, rollers 61; 62 which are arranged in a fixed position relative to the scraper 21 will suffice. Furthermore, Figure 11 shows that in this embodiment, on the side edges 63; 64 of each slope 41, wear resistant steel wear strips 101; 102 are provided for sliding contact between the leading edge 66 of the scraper 21 and the wear strips 101; 102 to prevent frictional contact. between the leading edge 66 of the scraper 21 and the surface of the ramp 41.
According to a further aspect, which is not shown in the drawings, the device 1 can be designed such that pushing means are added to the first compartment 10 for displacing raw material 3 deposited in that compartment 10 in the direction of movement 20, which pushing means, for example, are designed as an upright pushing plate with associated drive.
Also not shown in the drawings is an embodiment in which the device comprises: spacer means for holding the scraper 21 at a selected distance, for instance a few millimeters, from the bottom 67 of the compartments 10; 14; 15; 16. In a simple embodiment such spacer means may comprise a plurality of idle rollers disposed on the leading edge 66 of the scraper 21 and projecting beyond the scraper 21 by the selected distance. However, preference is given to the embodiment in which the spacer means form part of the active pivot means 26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13. The device 1 is suitable for processing the most diverse types of materials. Many materials, for example to be composted and biological material 3 composted in the device 1, can give rise to adhering to and fouling of the scraper 21. In this connection, an embodiment is important in which the control unit is arranged in the manner indicated in figure 8 for controlling the displacement means 44:45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21 and the active pivoting means 26:43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13 so that the scraper 21 is company temporarily in a parking position
68 can be placed beyond the discharge means 17 for undergoing a cleaning operation, for example spraying clean with water under high pressure and / or treating with a disinfectant. In figure 8, the active scraping position 70 of the scraper 21 is drawn in full lines. The raised condition 71 is indicated by broken lines. Referring to Figure 1, attention is drawn to the second trench silo 4b, in which it is shown that the carriage 25 is positioned beyond the discharge conveyor 17. This is the parking position 68 shown in Figure 1. In this position 68, the scraper 21 can be cleaned with, for example, water under high pressure, optionally in combination with a disinfectant.
It is not shown in the drawings that according to an aspect of the invention, on the bottom 67 of the compartments 10; 14; 15; 16, a coating, for example of plastic, such as PE, HDPE, PVC or the like, may be present for the purpose of resisting. of the corrosion and / or wear of the bottom 87.
Figure 8 shows the trolley 25 with the lifting means to be described below, which serve to cause the scraper 21 to scrape off the top layer 30 of a stack 31 of material 3 with a certain downward force and to have it transported to a next compartment 14,15, 16 or the discharge conveyor 17. The active scraping position 70 is shown in full lines, while the raised rest position 71 of the support arms 11, 12, 13 and of the scraper 21 is shown in broken lines.
The carriage 25 carries a lifting motor 26 which, when energized, winds up two flexible lifting bands 48; 47, which engage a transverse bar 83 which rigidly couples the support arms 11; 12; 13 together. From the lifting motor 26, the lifting belts pass first over idle deflection rollers 84, then around a return roll 85 to be described below, then back to a deflection roll 86 to then extend downwardly and engage the respective support arms 11; 12; 13 at a distance. on the order of 50% -60% of the total length of said support arm relative to the pivot axis 22. The return rollers 85 are carried by an auxiliary carriage 87 which is reciprocated by means of a longitudinal guide 88 and by a through a spring drum 89 in Fig. 8 tensioned to the right of steel cable 90 is held under pretension.
In the situation shown in full lines in Figure 8, the lifting motor 26 is little or not energized and therefore exerts only limited or no pulling force on the steel cable 90. Under the influence of the tensile force in the steel cable 90, the return roller 85 has moved more or less freely to the right, while the support arms 11; 12; 13 are in a relatively low effective scraping position 70, in which the scraper 21 has the top layer 30 of a stack 31 of material. 3 can scrape while the carriage 25 is being moved in the direction of movement 20 by the action of the displacement motor 36 when energized.
After completion of a scraping operation, the scraper 21 is moved upward to the raised rest position 71 shown in Figure 8. To move the scraper 21 from the operative scraping position 70 to the raised rest position 71, the lifting motor 26 is energized. As a result, the lifting belts 47 are wound up, exerting a leftward force on the return roller 85 against the rightward pulling force in the steel cable 90 due to the action of the spring drum 89. The downward force on the support arms 11; 12 As a result of the weight thereof, i.e. the force of gravity, ensures that these support arms 11; 12; 13 initially remain in their lowered position 70. The auxiliary car 87 is moved to the left until it reaches the stop location indicated at 87 ° and broken lines. At this stage, the continued energization of the lifting motor 26 can act the upward pulling force in the lifting straps 46; 47 only to lift the support arms 11; 12; 13. These carrying arms are thus pivoted from the lowered scraping position 70 to the raised rest position 71. The carrying arms are held in the horizontal position 71 shown in figure 8 by on the one hand the aforementioned upwardly directed pulling force in the lifting straps 46, 47, and on the other hand by the highest position determined by a stop support 91. This is the stable raised or raised rest position 71, in which the trolley 25 can be returned to a desired location, for instance the parking position 68 shown in figure 1 can be placed. From the foregoing description of Figure 8, it can be seen that the carriage 25 carries the lifting motor 26 which, when energized, can wind up the two lifting belts 46; 47, which lifting belts 46; 47 are coupled to the supporting arms 23; 24, such that the lifting belts 46; 47, when the lifting motor 26 is energized, make the support arms 11; 12; 13 pivot upwards and lift the scraper 21 to the raised rest position 71, and that after the lifting, or at least reducing, the excitation of the lifting motor 26, the scraper 21 under the influence of the force of gravity, minus any remaining lifting force with reduced energization of the lifting motor 26, falls from its raised rest position 71 and can scrape the actual top layer 30 from a stack 31 of material 3 and, during movement of the scraper 21 in the direction of movement 20, the surface 35 of that stack 31 automatically follows. During a scraping operation, the return roller 85 spring loaded by the spring drum 89 functions as a loop catcher for the lifting belts 46; 47.
Particular reference is now made to Figures 10 and 10A. The carriage 25 is movable vice versa in the direction of displacement by means of longitudinal guide rails 44; 45. To each of the guide rails 44; 45 is associated a chain fixedly coupled to the guide rails 44; 45 at its end zones, which co-operates with a drive gear 75 which can be driven for longitudinal drive by a displacement motor 36 carried by the carriage 25. As shown in particularly figure 10A clearly shows, at the location of the drive sprocket 75 the relevant chain 72 has been displaced from its path via two positioning sprockets 76,77 disposed on either side of the drive sprocket 75. Due to this construction, outside the area indicated in Figure 10A, the chain 72 remains stationary in position with respect to the guide rails 44, 45 and functions as a flexible gear rack.
On the basis of the foregoing description, it will be apparent how the displacement motor 36 can move the carriage 25 along the guide rails 44; 45. Figure 10 schematically shows carrier rollers 92; 93 which are connected to the carriage 25 and can roll over the guide rails 44; 45. The figure further shows the approximate length of the supporting arms 11, 12, 13, namely 6 m. The height of the scraper 21 is approximately 0.7 m.
Figure 7 shows an alternative of the guide rails 44.45. In the embodiment shown in Figure 7, the concrete side walls 6; 7 are provided with an inwardly projecting guide edge 92, the slightly inwardly inclined top surface 93 of which supports support and drive rollers 94, which support the carriage 25 and via homokinetic couplings 95 are connected to the displacement motor 36, not shown in this figure, by means of a shaft 96 with sealing bellows. The length of the support arms 11; 12; 13 depends on the height of the guide rails 44, 45, which in turn depends on the desired maximum layer thickness to be scraped off. Since the carrying arms 11; 12; 13 occupy an angular position of approximately 450 in the lowest position of the scraper 21, the length of the arms is thus a factor V2 = 1.414 x the height of the pivot axis 22 relative to the bottom 67. This pivot axis. 22 is located some distance below the height of the guide rails 44.45.
Figure 4 shows that the control means can be designed, for instance, for stacking in a compartment 14; 15; 16 layer by layer of material 3 scraped from the previous compartment 13; 14; 15, such that a stratified or layered loading pattern 38 is formed. This loading pattern 38 can be recognized in the compartments 14, 15 and 16, in which it is drawn strongly schematically.
Figure 5 shows an alternative, in which the control means are arranged for first depositing in the input zone of a compartment 14; 15; 16 of material scraped from the previous compartment 10; 14; 15, subsequently depositing the sub-stack 103 thus obtained. material 3 scraped from the previous compartment 10, 14, 15, and so on, until the previous compartment is completely emptied, such that a spatial sequential loading pattern 39 is formed. This spatially sequential loading pattern can be recognized in the compartments 15 and 16, while the layered loading pattern 38 can be recognized in the compartment 14. The loading patterns are drawn strongly schematized.
It is important to note that with each successive scraping of the top layer 33 of the stack 31 of material 3 in the compartment 15, there is a strong mixing of the material 3 of the four sequentially arranged and adjacent stacks 103; 104; 105; 106 occurs during the transport to the next compartment 16. After all, this is loaded from the input side, in the drawing the left side, after which subsequent layers are deposited in the area adjoining to the right, and so on. It will be appreciated that superior mixing and homogenization is hereby achieved. Such intermixing and homogenization also occurs with each successive scraping of the top layer 33 of the stack 31 of material 3 from the compartment 16, which is each time successively fed to the discharge conveyor 17.
Figure 12 shows an alternative form of the slopes 41 shown and discussed above. The slope 97 of Figure 12 comprises two adjoining straight sections 98 and 99 respectively at an angle deviating from 180 ° by approximately 20 ° - 40 °. thus has a discrete generally convex shape. When the carriage 25 (not shown) is displaced with the pivot axis 22 to the right according to the conveying direction 20, the kink in the slope 98 shown in figure 12; 99 the support arms 11; 12; 13 can never come into contact with the top edge 100 of the respective partition 9a; 9b; 9c, even in the case where, according to the situation shown in figure 12, the scraper 21 is in its lowest possible position located. By way of illustration, the support arms 11; 12; 13 are drawn in two positions, namely a first position, in which the visible support arm is drawn in full lines and indicated with reference numeral 13, and a second position, in which the visible support arm is drawn in broken lines. and is designated 13 '. These two positions correspond to the positions of the pivot axis along the guide rails 44; 45, indicated by 22 and 22 "respectively. A straight slope can be used up to a height of about 1.5 m; above this value, advantageous use can be made of a generally convex shape, for example the kinked slope 98; 99 according to Figure 12.
Alternatively, the ramp can have a continuous convex shape.
Depending on the nature and the quality of the input material 3, it is conceivable that waste, in particular construction materials, such as pieces of plastic, stones and pieces of metal may be contained therein. These can be removed in advance in a manner known per se from waste processing.
When composting biological material 3 by the device 1 according to the invention for a period of the order of 20 to 30 days, the microbiological activity in that material 3 may cause such a large temperature increase that the material 3 starts to scald during a rest period. . Because this is undesirable, the core temperature of a stack 31 in a compartment 10; 14; 15; 16 can advantageously be measured and the control system can intervene if a critical temperature is exceeded, in the sense that the relevant stack 31 of material 3 is scraped off, as a result of which the material 3 is set in motion, comes into contact with the relatively cool ambient air, cools and in the cooled state is deposited into the next compartment 14; 15; 16 and onto the discharge conveyor 17, respectively. In an emergency, for example in the event that the electrical control and the power supply of the installation fails and heating occurs, partitions 9a; 9b; 9 ¢ can be removed by attaching them to the lifting eyes shown in Figure 11 using suitable lifting means. 80; 81 to lift and remove. The trench silo 4 can be emptied with a shovel after the removal of those partition walls 94; 9b, 9c and optionally the end wall 8 to prevent fire.
Particularly in the case where the device 1 is used for composting, the partition walls 9a, 9b, 9 ¢ and the end wall 8 can also be made of hardwood, for example, instead of concrete. Another possible choice is plywood or steel.
As indicated in Figure 1, in the exemplary embodiment drawn the total length of the device 1 is approximately 60 m. Figure 4 shows the other relevant approximate dimensions. For example, the length of each compartment is 10; 14; 15; 16 about 15 m, the height of the side walls 6; 7 5 m, the height of the stacks 31 4 m, the height of each partition 9a; 9b; 9c ¢ including the inlet slope 41 3 m, the height of the discharge slope 42 1.5 m, and the height of the end wall 8 1.5 m. Other designs may have other dimensions. Figure 13 shows a floor 48 provided with a regular pattern of perforations 50. As a result, excess moisture from a resting mass 2 of material 3 can be discharged downwards and, possibly humidified, air 51 can be blown up through the mass 2, while the compartments 10; 14; 15; 16 can be emptied almost completely. Bacterial cultures can be added to the blown air to initiate and maintain a biological conditioning process of the material to be processed by the device. Figure 14 shows a trench silo 116, which has an end wall 8 with an adjoining discharge conveyor belt 117, but, unlike the trench silos 4a; 4b; 4c; 4d, is not provided with partition walls.
A transport vehicle 40, in this example a truck, in each case successively deposits material to be processed into the silo 116. The scraper 21 carries out scraping operations under the control of the control means, whereby each time successively the top layer of a stack of poured material moves in the direction of the end wall 8. is moved. Thus, by way of example only, the stack! 117, which has, for example, the spatial sequential loading pattern 118, which is shown in a highly orienting and schematic manner in Figure 14 and in which the results of the respective scraping operations are visible. After formation, the stack 117 is given the opportunity to be processed, while in the meantime a next stack 119 is formed because the truck deposits its cargo at that location. Strictly speaking, there must be a separation between the stacks 117 and 119. As shown in figure 14, there is very little overlap of the stacks in this embodiment. The overlapping zone indicated by 120 can be regarded as a separation in which the mutual influence of the materials in the stacks 117 and 119 is negligible.
The scraper 21, after completing the processing of the material 3 in the stack 117, scrapes that material layer by layer on the discharge conveyor 17 in the manner explained above, until the stack 117 of material 3 is completely discharged. Subsequently, the material of the then finished stack 119 is moved to the position corresponding to the position of the stack 117 in figure 14 by successively scraping off the current top layer therefrom.
In principle it is possible to have the separation 120 complete by ensuring that the loading of the silo 116 takes place while maintaining a certain distance from the leading edge 121 of the stack 117. The disadvantage of this method of operation is, that the silo 116 must have a greater length for this purpose.
In the case in which a gastight hall is used, use can be made of an inlet with a cell lock, a screw, a cyclone or similar inlet means.

权利要求:
Claims (28)
[1]
1. Device (1) for processing, for example allowing it to rest for a certain period of time or otherwise conditioning, and mixing and thus homogenizing a mass (2) of loose or slightly cohesive material (3), for example composting biological material , such as VGF (Vegetable, Fruit and Garden waste), ONF (Organic Wet Fraction of household waste) or shredded green waste, which device comprises (a) at least one trench silo (4) with an inlet, for example an inlet opening that is freely accessible from the outside (5) for feeding in raw, raw material, two mutually parallel side walls (6, 7), one end wall (8) extending transversely of the side walls, and a number with selected, for example equal, mutual distances distributed over the length of the trench silo between the inlet opening and the end wall between the side walls (6; 7), separations (9a; 9b; 9c)}, which are the space bounded by the inlet opening (5), the side walls (6; 7) and the end wall (8) divide into a number of compartments, namely an input compartment or first compartment (10), a number of intermediate compartments, for example a second compartment (14) and a third compartment (15), and an end compartment or fourth compartment (16), at least which intermediate compartments (14; 15) and in which end compartment (16) the material (3) is processed, mixed together and homogenized; (b) discharge means, for example a conveyor belt (17), connecting to the end wall (8) for discharging processed and mixed material (18); (c) displacement means (44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) for stepping in the direction of displacement (20) out of the first compartment (10) through all intermediate compartments (14; 15) and, via the separations (9a; 9b; 9c), to move material (3) to the end compartment (16), and finally from the end compartment (16) over the end wall (8) in each case successively on the discharge means (17) depositing processed and intermixed material (18), with intermixing and homogenization occurring as a result of displacement of the material; (d) a scraper (21) extending transversely to the side walls (6; 7) of the trench silo (4) and fitting therebetween with some space, which scraper (21) by means of a pivot axis (22) defined by at least two hinges (43) of at least two spaced supporting arms
(11:12:13) is carried up and down pivotally by one of the displacement means (44; 45; 72: 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) forming part of the carriage (25), which bears hinges (43) and has a lifting motor
(26) which together with the hinges (43) forms pivotal means for pivotably supporting the support arms (11; 12; 13),
which carriage (25) is movable by means of drive means (28), comprising a displacement motor (36), along fixedly disposed horizontal guide rails (44:45), such that the scraper (21) is each time successively displacing the current top layer (30) with can scrape off a thickness of a stack (31) present in a compartment (10; 14; 15; 16) associated with the vertical dimension of the scraper in the direction of displacement (20) and to the next compartment (14; 15) 16), respectively, can move the discharge means (17);
which pivot axis (22) is located in the direction of displacement (20) downstream of the scraper (21), such that the scraping of the current top layer (30) takes place in each case by pulling;
which scraper (21) can pivot partly under the influence of gravity and partly under the influence of active pivoting means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13), the pivoting for scraping in the direction of movement (20) can take place at least partly under the influence of gravity, such that the scraper (21) more or less automatically follows the shape of the free surface (35) of the stack (31) of material (3); and (e) the operation of the device determining control means which control the displacement means (44; 45; 72: 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) and the pivot means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11). 12; 13) control to perform the following steps to be performed in suitable sequence:
(et) the raw material (3) deposited in the first or input compartment (10) or processed therein by each time successively scraping off a top layer (33) thereof via the first separation (9a) to the next or second compartment
(14) moving and depositing said material (3) therein in a selected cartridge (38; 39); (e2) processing said material (3) in said second compartment (14) by allowing it to rest therein for a selected time and optionally treating it with a liquid and / or a gas; (e3) scraping off this material (3) deposited in said second compartment (14) in the same manner and moving it via the second separation (9b) to the next or third compartment (15), such that it second compartment (14) is emptied; (e4) re-depositing raw material (3) from the first compartment (10) into the second compartment (14), and so on; (e5) during continuous operation of the device (1), each time successively refilling a thus emptied compartment (14:15:16) with the material (3) from the preceding compartment (13; 14; 15); (e6) each time successively depositing a mass (2) of material (3) in the end compartment (16) and moving said mass (2) of material (3) over the end wall (8) after a processing period, for example a rest period. ) to the discharge means (17); (e7) each time successively, in particular after emptying a compartment (14; 15; 16), in the opposite direction to the direction of displacement to a selected position, in particular the input zone (78) of a preceding compartment ( 10; 14: 15), returning the scraper (21), which return by means of the displacement means (44,45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) takes place in a raised position (71) of the scraper (21) under the influence of the action of the active pivoting means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11, 12; 13), such that the scraper (21) can be returned unobstructed to the selected position .
[2]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the separations are formed by partition walls (9a; 9b; 9 ¢).
[3]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the input compartment (10) is freely accessible to transport vehicles (40) which can dump material (3) to be processed therein.
[4]
Device as claimed in claim 2, wherein above the partition walls (9a; 9b; 9c) and optionally also above the end wall (8) are respective partition curtains (112a; 112b; 112c; 112d), which are located at least during movements of the carriage ( 25) are in a raised position, in which the carriage (25) can pass a respective curtain (112a; 112b; 112c; 112d), and which can be brought into a lowered position during standstill of the carriage (25), in which they at least substantially abut the top edges (100) of the partition walls (9a; 9b; 9c) and the end wall (8).
[5]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the device is arranged under a roof (82), for example in a hall, which hall is optionally substantially gas-tight.
[6]
A device (1) according to claim 2, wherein a ramp (41) is placed at the front of each partition wall (9a; 9b; 9c) and of the end wall (8) to prevent dust formation during scraping and to ensure a essentially complete emptying.
[7]
Device (1) according to claim 2, wherein a ramp (42) is placed at the rear of each partition (9a; 9b; 9c} to ensure substantially complete emptying.
[8]
Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the bottom of each compartment (10; 14; 15; 16) has perforations (50) for the passage of liquids and gases, for example for discharging water and for blowing in. of possibly humidified air (51) or the extraction of gases.
[9]
Apparatus (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the scraper (21) has a generally concave cross-section with a straight lower portion (79) and a generally concave angle adjoining it at an angle of the order of 90 ° - 140 °. top portion (52).
[10]
Device (1) according to claim 8, wherein the front edge of the lower part (79) has a shape adapted to the materials to be treated, for example has a certain length (53; 54), and / or is straight or has sharp teeth. (55) or blunt teeth (56) is provided.
[11]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein freely rotatable rollers (61; 62) are arranged on the side edges {59; 60) of the scraper (21) to prevent abrasive and abrasive contact of said side edges (59); 60) with the side walls (6; 7) during scraping.
[12]
Apparatus (1) according to claim 6, wherein sliding strips (64; 65) are provided on the side edges (63; 64) and / or the top edge (100) of each ramp (41) for sliding contact between the leading edge (66). ) of the scraper (21) and the sliding strips (64, 65) to prevent frictional contact between the front edge (66) of the scraper and the surface of the ramp (41).
[13]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein pushing means are added to the first compartment (10) for displacing material (3) deposited in said compartment (10) in the direction of displacement (20).
[14]
Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, comprising spacer means for keeping the scraper (21) at a selected distance, for instance a few millimeters, from the bottom (67) of the compartments (10; 14; 15; 16) , for example a number of freely rotating rollers or sliding strips, for example made of wear-resistant plastic, arranged on the scraper.
[15]
Device (1) according to claim 13, wherein the spacer means form part of the active pivot means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13).
[16]
Device {1} as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the control unit is adapted to control the displacement means (44: 4572; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) and the active pivot means ( 26; 43: 46; 47; 11; 12; 13), that the scraper (21) in its raised position (71) out of operation can be temporarily placed in a parking position (68) beyond the discharge means (17) for undergoing a cleaning operation, for instance spraying clean with water under high pressure and / or treating with a disinfectant.
[17]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein a cover layer, for example of plastic such as PE, HDPE, PVC or the like, is present on the bottom (67) of the compartments (10; 14; 15; 16) for counteracting corrosion and / or wear of the bottom (67).
[18]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the carriage (25) carries a lifting motor (26) which, when energized with force, at least one flexible pulling member, for example a steel cable or a tensile lifting strap (46; 47}), which traction member or any of which traction means is coupled to the support arms (23; 24) such that when the lifting motor (26) is energized, the traction means pivots the support arms (11; 12; 13) upward and the scraper (21) ) to the raised position (71), and that after lifting, or at least reducing, the actuation of the lifting motor (26), lifts the scraper (21) under the influence of gravity, less any remaining lifting force with reduced power of the the lifting motor (26), descends from its raised position (71) and can scrape the actual top layer (30) of a stack (31) of material (3) and during movement of the scraper (21) in the direction of travel (20) (35) of that stack (31) automatically follows.
[19]
Device (1) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means are adapted to stack material (3) scraped from the preceding compartment (13; 14; 15) layer by layer in a compartment (14; 15; 16). , such that a layered loading pattern (38) is created.
[20]
Device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means is arranged for the first time in the entry zone of a compartment (14; 15; 16)
depositing material scraped from the previous compartment (13; 14; 15), subsequently depositing material scraped from the previous compartment (13; 14; 15) on the thus formed sub-stack, and so on, until the previous compartment is completely emptied is such that a spatial sequential loading pattern (39) is created.
[21]
Device {1} as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the displacing means comprise: - the carriage (25); - the guide rails (44; 45) which can displace the carriage (25) in the longitudinal direction corresponding to the direction of transport; and - the displacement motor (36) which, when energized, displaces the carriage (25) in the longitudinal direction.
[22]
The device of claim 6, wherein a ramp (97) has a longitudinal section of convex shape, or comprises at least two straight portions together defining a discrete generally convex shape.
[23]
23. Device as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means comprise a processor with software.
[24]
24. The operation of an apparatus (1) for processing, for example allowing it to rest for a certain time or otherwise conditioning, and mixing and thus homogenizing a mass (2) of loose or little cohesive material (3), for example the composting biological material, such as VGF (Vegetable, Fruit and Garden waste), ONF (Organic Wet Fraction of household waste) or shredded green waste, which device comprises (a) at least one trench silo (4) with an input, for example one from outside Freely accessible infeed opening (5) for infeeding raw, raw material, two mutually parallel side walls (6; 7}, one end wall (8) extending transversely to the side walls, and a number distributed at selected, for example equal, mutual distances over the length of the trench silo between the input opening and the end wall between the side walls (6; 7) separations (9a; 9b; 9c}, which cover the space bounded by the input opening (5), the side walls ( 6; 7) and divide the end wall (8) into a number of compartments, namely an input compartment or first compartment (10), a number of intermediate compartments, for example a second compartment (14) and a third compartment (15), and an end compartment or fourth compartment (16), in at least which intermediate compartments (14; 15) and in which end compartment (16) the material (3) is processed, mixed together and homogenized; (b) discharge means, for example a conveyor belt (17), connecting to the end wall (8) for discharging processed and mixed material (18);
(c) displacement means (44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) for stepping in the direction of displacement (20) out of the first compartment (10) through all intermediate compartments (14; 15) and, via the separations (9a; 9b; 9 ¢), to move material (3) to the end compartment (16), and finally from the end compartment (16) over the end wall (8) successively on the discharge means (17). ) depositing processed and intermixed material (18), with intermixing and homogenization occurring as a result of displacement of the material; (d) a scraper (21) extending transversely to the side walls (6; 7) of the trench silo (4) and fitting therebetween with some space, which scraper (21) by means of a pivot axis (22) defined by at least two hinges (43). of at least two spaced-apart supporting arms (11; 12; 13) are pivotably supported up and down by one of the displacement means (44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) carriage (25), which carries the hinges (43) and includes a lifting motor
(26) which together with the hinges (43) forms pivotal means for pivotably supporting the support arms (11; 12; 13),
which carriage (25) is displaceable by means of drive means (28), comprising a displacement motor (36), along fixed horizontal guide rails (44,45), such that the scraper (21)
can successively scrape off the current top layer (30) with a thickness associated with the vertical dimension of the scraper of a stack (31) present in a compartment (10; 14; 15; 16) in the direction of displacement (20) and can move the discharge means (17) to the next compartment (14; 15; 16), respectively;
which pivot axis (22) is located in the direction of displacement (20) downstream of the scraper (21), such that the scraping of the current top layer (30) takes place in each case by pulling;
which scraper (21) partly under the influence of gravity and partly under the influence of active pivoting means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13)
can pivot, whereby pivoting for scraping in the direction of displacement (20) can take place at least partly under the influence of gravity, such that the scraper (21) takes the shape of the free surface (35) of the stack (31) of material (3 ) automatically follows more or less; and
(e) control means determining the operation of the device, comprising the displacement means (44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) and the pivot means ({26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13) control to perform the following steps to be performed in suitable sequence:
(et) move the raw material (3) deposited in the first or input compartment (10) or processed therein by each time successively scraping off a top layer (33) thereof via the first separation (9a) to the next or second compartment (14) and therein in a selected pattern (38; 39)
depositing that material (3);
(e2) processing said material (3) in said second compartment (14) by allowing it to rest therein for a selected time and optionally treating it with a liquid and / or a gas;
(e3) scraping off this material (3) deposited in said second compartment (14) in the same manner and moving it via the second separation (9b) to the next or third compartment (15), such that it second compartment (14) is emptied;
(e4) re-depositing raw material (3) from the first compartment (10) into the second compartment (14), and so on;
(e5) each time successively refilling a thus emptied compartment during continuous operation of the device (1)
(14; 15; 16) with the material (3) from the previous compartment (13; 14; 15);
(eb) successively depositing a mass (2) of material (3) in the end compartment (16) and moving said mass (2) of material (3) after a processing period, for example a rest period, over the end wall (8) ) to the discharge means (17); (e7) each time successively, in particular after emptying a compartment (14; 15; 16), in the opposite direction to the direction of displacement to a selected position, in particular the input zone (78) of a preceding compartment ( 10; 14; 15), returning the scraper (21), which returning by means of the displacement means (44: 45: 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) takes place in a raised position (71) of the scraper (21) under the influence of the action of the active pivoting means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13), such that the scraper (21) can be returned unobstructed to the selected position .
[25]
The operation according to claim 24 of a device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means comprises the displacement means (44; 45; 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) and the active pivot means (26; 43; 46; 47; 11; 12; 13} such that in its raised position (71) out of operation, the scraper (21) temporarily places in a parking position (68) past the discharge means (17) for undergoing a cleaning operation, for instance spraying with water under high pressure and / or treating with a disinfectant.
[26]
The operation according to claim 24 or 25 of a device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means comprises the displacement means (44; 45: 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) and control the active pivoting means (26:; 43: 46; 47; 11; 12; 13) such that the scraper (21) scrapes material (3) from the preceding compartment (13; 14; 15) layer by layer into a compartment (14; 15; 16) stacks such that a layered loading pattern (38) is created.
[27]
The operation according to claim 24 or 25 of a device (1) according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the control means comprises the displacement means (44: 45: 72; 36; 76; 77; 25; 11; 12; 13; 21) and control the active pivoting means (26; 43: 46; 47; 11; 12; 13) such that the scraper (21) scrapes material from the preceding compartment (13; 14; 15) first in the entry zone of a compartment (14; 15; 16), then deposits material scraped off from the previous compartment (13:14:15) to the sub-stack thus formed, and so subsequently, until the previous compartment is completely emptied, in such a way that a spatial sequential loading pattern (39) arises.
[28]
The operation according to any one of claims 24 to 27 of a device (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 23, wherein the control means comprises a processor with software.

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同族专利:

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公开号 | 公开日

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WO2020204702A1|2020-10-08|

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NL2025192B1|2021-02-08|

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AU2020253874A1|2021-11-04|

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NL2022866B1|2020-10-08|

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CA3135588A1|2020-10-08|

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EP3947222A1|2022-02-09|

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KR20210145813A|2021-12-02|

引用文献:

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US5405780A|1992-04-17|1995-04-11|Spectre Resources Associates, Ltd.|Apparatus for batch composting of waste material|

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EP0882390B1|1997-06-04|2002-10-23|van Kempen, Antonius Gerardus|Dosing device for potting soil|

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WO2012029041A2|2010-09-03|2012-03-08|Francesco Caprio|Plant and method for organic waste bioconversion and municipal waste biostabilization|

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CN112871345A|2020-12-24|2021-06-01|湖北誉达农业科技股份有限公司|Culture material preparation device for agrocybe cylindracea planting and preparation method thereof|

法律状态:

优先权:

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申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题

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NL2022866A|NL2022866B1|2019-04-04|2019-04-04|Device for processing and homogenizing a mass of loose or slightly cohesive material|

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